Stack and technologies
Reviews of languages, frameworks and tools — what each is good for, where it breaks and what to take instead.
Articles · 30
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The Laravel framework: a complete overview
What the Laravel framework is for in 2026, where it is the best choice and where plain PHP or another stack wins: Laravel 13, pros and cons, Laravel or Symfony, a comparison with Django, Rails and NestJS, examples, limits and tips.
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The Python language: a complete overview
What the Python programming language is for in 2026, where it is the best choice and where another language wins: AI and data, Django, FastAPI or Flask, pros and cons, a comparison with PHP, Node.js, Go and Java, examples, limits and tips.
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CI/CD pipeline
How a pipeline runs in eight jobs, CI versus continuous delivery and deployment, a fast pipeline in 4 minutes instead of 15, six tools compared, four ways to release, two files of code, rules and mistakes.
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Online payments
How a payment goes in six steps, three ways to accept payments, eight popular services compared, the fee on small and large orders, the payment step, code for a payment and a webhook, rules and mistakes.
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Docker
What Docker is: eight key terms, when it helps and when it does not, pros and cons, three files for a real project, mistakes and rules for production.
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Local models
Open language models on your own server: seven families, memory for each size, local versus cloud, three examples with Ollama, mistakes and rules for production.
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pgvector
What pgvector adds to PostgreSQL: distances, indexes and types, pgvector compared with vector databases, three SQL examples, settings for production and common mistakes.
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![RAG: documents with highlighted lines turning into an answer bubble with citations [1] [2]](/assets/img/library/rag-overview-og-en.png?v=1791073257)
RAG
How retrieval-augmented generation works: eight steps, RAG compared with fine-tuning and a long prompt, pros and cons, three steps in code, mistakes and rules of a reliable system.
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Core Web Vitals
What LCP, INP and CLS measure, the thresholds, twelve causes of poor metrics with fixes, field and lab data, four examples with numbers before and after, mistakes and rules.
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View Transitions API
How the View Transitions API works: transitions between pages with one CSS rule, shared elements, transitions within a page, browser support, three tested examples, mistakes and rules.
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Modern CSS
What modern CSS can do: sixteen features with their support, what used to need JavaScript or Sass, pros and cons, four examples checked in a browser, mistakes and rules.
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REST or GraphQL
How REST and GraphQL differ: fourteen criteria, which approach for which project, one product card through both APIs, what to set up in each and common mistakes.
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Tailwind or own CSS
How Tailwind and own CSS differ: twelve criteria, which approach for which project, one card built both ways with measured file sizes, six rules of order and common mistakes.
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SQLite or PostgreSQL
How SQLite and PostgreSQL differ: fourteen criteria, which database for which project, signs that SQLite is no longer enough, portable SQL, the move step by step and common mistakes.
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PHP, Node.js or Go
How PHP, Node.js and Go differ for the server side: thirteen criteria, which language for which project, how the difference shows in practice, one API written in all three and common mistakes.
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Go or Rust
How Go and Rust differ in practice: fourteen criteria, six differences you feel in work, which language for which task, the same tasks written in both and common mistakes.
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Telegram Mini Apps: a complete overview
How Telegram Mini Apps work: the bot, the page, signed user data and payments in Stars; 8 areas, pros and cons, a comparison with a bot, a site and a mobile app, security rules and code examples.
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Three.js and WebGL: a complete overview
What WebGL and Three.js are, when 3D on a site pays off and when it only adds weight: 8 areas, pros and cons, a comparison with Babylon.js, Spline and video, speed rules, WebGPU and code examples.
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Node.js and Vite: a complete overview
What Node.js and Vite are used for: 8 areas, pros and cons, what is built into Node.js today, Vite 8 with Rolldown, a comparison with Deno, Bun, PHP and Go, code examples, limits and tips.
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SQLite: a complete overview
What SQLite is used for, whether it is good for a website and where a server database wins: WAL mode, pros and cons, a comparison with PostgreSQL and MySQL, tools, SQL examples, limits and tips.
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MySQL: a complete overview
What MySQL is used for, where it is the best choice and where another database wins: pros and cons, versions 8.4 and 9, a comparison with PostgreSQL, MariaDB and SQLite, tools, SQL examples, limits and tips.
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React: a complete overview
What React is for and where it pays off: 8 areas, pros and cons, a comparison with Vue, Angular and Svelte, the ecosystem, React 19, code examples, limits and tips.
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MCP: a complete overview
What MCP is and why Claude, ChatGPT and other assistants support it: how the protocol works, 8 scenarios, a comparison with other ways to give AI access to data, security, limits and server code examples.
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React or no framework
When a site needs React and when a framework only adds weight: a measured bundle size, a comparison of three approaches, what the browser does by itself, islands, the same tasks written both ways and common mistakes.
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TypeScript: a complete overview
What TypeScript is for, how it differs from JavaScript, where it pays off and where it is overkill: pros and cons, TypeScript 7, a comparison with JavaScript, JSDoc, Python and Go, code examples, limits and tips.
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PostgreSQL or MySQL
How PostgreSQL and MySQL differ in practice: fourteen criteria, which database to take for which task, the same tasks in both dialects, moving from MySQL to PostgreSQL and common mistakes.
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The PHP language: a complete overview
What the PHP programming language is for in 2026, where it is the best choice and where another language wins: modern PHP 8.5, pros and cons, a comparison with Node.js, Python, Go and Ruby, frameworks or your own code, examples, limits and tips.
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PostgreSQL: a complete overview
What PostgreSQL is used for, where it is the best choice and where another database wins: pros and cons, a comparison with MySQL, SQLite, MongoDB and ClickHouse, extensions, SQL examples, limits and tips.
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The Rust language: a complete overview
What the Rust programming language is for, where it is the best choice and where another language wins: memory safety without a garbage collector, pros and cons, a comparison with C++, C, Go, Java and Python, code examples, the ecosystem, limits and tips.
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The Go language: a complete overview
What the Go programming language is for, where it is the best choice and where another language wins: pros and cons, a comparison with Python, Node.js, Java, Rust and PHP, code examples, the ecosystem, limits and tips.
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